╨╧рб▒с>■  13■   0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ье┴5@ Ё┐>bjbj╧2╧2 )нXнX>      ИДДДДДДДШ Шд°44444444ЦШШШ%╜4ё 4%$ЬRюfIД44444IДД44^TTT4Д4Д4ЦT4ЦT"TvДДv4( pия!Хk─DvЦt0дvTTTvШШДДДДTДv 44T44444IIШШ$╝DTШШ╝GEOL CHAPTER 2 Dr. Simila MATTER AND MINERALS I. MINERALS VS ROCKS A. Rock - aggregate of minerals B. Mineral - naturally occurring inorganic solid, internal structure, chemical composition II. COMPOSITION OF MINERALS A. Atomic Structure - nucleus, proton, neutron, electron B. Atomic Number - number of protons C. Element D. Bonding - ionic: ions of opposite electrical charge - covalent: electrons orbit two nuclei - metallic: electron moves about E. Isotopes and Radioactivity F. States of Matter - solid,liquid,gas III. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS A. Inorganic Solids - polymorphs B. Physical Properties - crystal form, luster, color, streak, hardness (Mohs scale: 1-10), cleavage, fracture, specific gravity (density), chemical - smell, taste, acid C. Composition of Minerals - ionic substitution IV. MINERAL GROUPS - A. Elements - oxygen, silicon B. Silica Tetrahedron - building block, chains, sheets, framework V. COMMON SILICATES A. Ferromagnesium (Dark) - olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, garnet B. Non-Ferromagnesium (Light) - 1. Feldspars - orthoclase (K,Al,Si,O), plagioclase (Ca,Na...) 2. Micas - muscovite 3. Quartz 4. Clays (kaolinite) - in soil VI. NON-SILICATES A. Carbonates - Calcite, Dolomite B. Halite - salt (NaCl) C. Sulfate - Gypsum D. Sulfides - Pyrite - Fe, S (fool's gold), Galena - Lead (Pb,S), Sphalerite - Zinc (Zn), S E. Oxides - Hematite, Limonite, Magnetite - Iron (fe), O VII. CALIFORNIA - STATE A. Element/Mineral - Gold B. GEM Mineral - Benitoite (Titanium Silicate) C. Fossil - Smilodon (Saber-toothed Cat) D. Rock - Serpentine (w/ asbestos) 0>ЎщЎщЎhг|5БCJOJQJ\Бhг|CJOJQJ123Hhо├─р > I А з ╚ ц  * K Й ─ ї ЎЎёёёшш▀ёёшшшш▀▀шшё╓шш▀▀$ ╞`·a$$Да`Даa$$Д╨`Д╨a$$a$$ ╞Ha$>■ї & ' = \ Ю Я │ №  [ p z Щ Ъ м ╬ ц √ W Р С й ├ Є ЄэфЄЄэф██╥╥╥╥█ф█████ээ██$Да`Даa$$Д╨`Д╨a$$ ╞`·a$$a$ $ ╞`·Д╨`Д╨a$Є >ЎЎ$Д╨`Д╨a$'0PBP░╨/ ░р=!░а"░а#Р╨$Р╨%░ЬP@ё P Normal1$7$8$H$OJQJ_HaJmH sH tH DAЄ бD Default Paragraph FontVi@є │V  Table Normal :V Ў4╓4╓ laЎ (k@Ї ┴(No List <&Є ё< Footnote Reference>    @M90░─123Hhо├─р>IАз╚ц *KЙ─ї&'=\ЮЯ│№[pzЩЪм╬ц√WРСй├Є@M90M90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90АM90А>ї Є > > =@=@   Gerry Similaхг|Т)H @HP PSC 750Ne00:winspoolHP PSC 750HP PSC 750,,LetterDINU"4$Ї Ж╤$Ш$$Ш$HP PSC 750,,LetterDINU"4$Ї Ж╤$Ш$$Ш$А°╣ц>P@  Unknown            GРЗz А Times New Roman5РАSymbol3&Р Зz А ArialA&Р ЗЯTrebuchet MS"И Є╨h]ДЗж]ДЗжюP юP ! ЄР╤е└xxГ;;3Г ЄР╤▀▀HЁ ?ф                     Т)H  GEOL Gerry Simila Gerry Simila■ рЕЯЄ∙OhлС+'│┘0xРШи┤╠╪фЇ  4 @ LX`hpфGEOL EOL Gerry SimilaoerrerrNormali Gerry Similao2rrMicrosoft Word 10.0@F├#@n█ Хk─@n█ Хk─юP■ ╒═╒Ь.УЧ+,∙о0 hpРШаи ░╕└╚ ╨ уфjmcomic┬■╗нN Dept. of Geologye ;A GEOL Title ■   ■   ■   !"#$%&'■   )*+,-./■   ¤   2■   ■   ■                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Root Entry         └F`E∙!Хk─4АData             1Table    TWordDocument    )SummaryInformation(             DocumentSummaryInformation8        (CompObj            j            ■                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ■       └FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.8Ї9▓q