ࡱ> ')&5@ W bjbj22 +XXW |nppp%4 4$nRf!!6(((n(n("(JJ ĕkJnL0|J&(&J&J$(!!D(GEOL CHAPTER 1 Dr. Simila AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY I. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY A. Catastrophism - Bishop Ussher B. Modern Geology - James Hutton - Uniformitarianism II. NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY - SCIENTIFIC METHOD A. Hypothesis B. Theory C. Scientific Law D. Method - Data/ Observations - Experiments III. GEOLOGIC TIME A. Relative Dating - Law of Superposition / Faunal Succession B. Radiometric Dating C. Geologic Time Scale IV. ORIGIN OF EARTH A. Big Bang - 15 to 20 billion yrs ago B. Nebular Hypothesis - vast cloud of dust and gases (H, He) C. Earth's Layered Structure - core (inner, outer) - mantle - crust Lithosphere - Asthenosphere V. VIEW OF EARTH A. Hydrosphere B. Atmosphere C. Biosphere D. Solid Earth (Rocksphere) 1. Continent/ Ocean Transition - shelf, slope 2. Continents - shields, mountains 3. Ocean Basins - ridges, trenches VI. DYNAMIC EARTH A. Plate Tectonics B. Plate Boundaries C. Divergent - oceanic ridges - seafloor spreading D. Convergent - subduction zones E. Transform - San Andreas fault VII. ROCK CYCLE A. Igneous - magma - melting B. Sedimentary - weathering & lithification processes C. Metamorphic - (changed) heat and pressure D. Plate Tectonics VIII. POPULATION, RESOURCES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES A. Population: World (6 billion), US (250 million), CALIF (30 million) B. Resources: Renewable, Non-Renewable 7 - W h4>*OJQJh45OJQJ\h4OJQJ89:Ps 5 6 I / s `` ` HW   : ] ^ p  : p . W ``)0P:p4/ =!"#$%T@T Normal1$7$8$H$ CJOJQJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k@(No List <&@< Footnote ReferenceW89:Ps56I/s:]^p  :p.YM90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90M90W  W  W VYVY Gerry Similag[P4@HP PSC 750Ne00:winspoolHP PSC 750HP PSC 750,,LetterDINU"4$ $$$$HP PSC 750,,LetterDINU"4$ $$$$<(Wp@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial;& z Helvetica" hbb  ! xxUU3 ?4GEOL Gerry Simila Gerry SimilaOh+'0x  4 @ LX`hpGEOL EOL Gerry SimilaoerrerrNormali Gerry Similao2rrMicrosoft Word 10.0@F#@̫k@̫k՜.+,0 hp|    UA GEOL Title  !"#$%(Root Entry F&ĕk*1Table &WordDocument+SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q